§ 8-5. Emission of particulate matter.
(a)
Industrial processes.
(1)
General provisions.
a.
This subsection (a) applies to any operation, process or activity except the burning of fuel for indirect heating in which the products of combustion do not come into direct contact with process materials, except the burning of refuse, and, except the processing of salvageable material by burning and catalytic cracking units at petroleum refineries. This regulation restricts the emission of particulate matter in the source gas of an operating or activity except where 10 CSR 10-2.040, 10 CSR 10-2.090 and/or 10 CSR 10-6.070 apply.
b.
For purposes of this section, process weight means the total weight of all materials introduced into a source operation, including solid fuels, but excluding liquids and gases used solely as fuels and excluding air introduced for purposes of combustion. Process weight rate means a rate established as follows:
1.
For continuous or long-run steady-state source operations, the total process weight for the entire period of continuous operation or for a typical portion, divided by the number of hours of each period or portion.
2.
For cyclical or batch source operations, the total process weight for a period which covers a complete operation or an integral number of cycles, divided by the hours of actual process operation during this period; and,
3.
Where the nature of any process or operation or the design of any equipment is such as to permit more than one interpretation of this subsection 8-5(a), that interpretation which results in the minimum value for allowable emissions shall apply.
c.
The amount of particulate matter emitted shall be determined as specified in 10 CSR 10-6.030. Any other method which is in accordance with good professional practice may be used with the consent of the director.
(2)
Emission limitations.
a.
Except as provided for in subsection (a)(3) of this section, no person shall cause, suffer, allow or permit the emission of particulate matter in any one hour from the source in excess of the amount shown in Table I following the process weight allocated to that source.
TABLE I
Process Lb./Hr. Weight Rate Tons/Hr. Rate of Emission Lb./Hr. 100 0.05 0.551 200 0.10 0.877 400 0.20 1.400 600 0.30 1.830 800 0.40 2.220 1,000 0.50 2.580 1,500 0.75 3.380 2,000 1.00 4.100 2,500 1.25 4.760 3,000 1.50 5.380 3,500 1.75 5.960 4,000 2.00 6.520 5,000 2.50 7.580 6,000 3.00 8.560 7,000 3.50 9.490 8,000 4.00 10.400 9,000 4.50 11.200 10,000 5.00 12.000 12,000 6.00 13.600 16,000 8.00 16.500 18,000 9.00 17.900 20,000 10.00 19.200 30,000 15.00 25.200 40,000 20.00 30.500 50,000 25.00 35.400 60,000 30.00 40.000 70,000 35.00 41.300 80,000 40.00 42.500 90,000 45.00 43.600 100,000 50.00 44.600 120,000 60.00 46.300 140,000 70.00 47.800 160,000 80.00 49.000 200,000 100.00 51.200 1,000,000 500.00 69.000 2,000,000 1000.00 77.600 6,000,000 3000.00 92.700 Interpolation of the data in this table for process weight rates up to 60,000 lb/hr shall be accomplished by use of the equation: E = 4. 10(P 0.67 ), and interpolation and extrapolation of the data for process weight rates in excess of 60,000 lb/hr shall be accomplished by use of the equation: B = (55.0(P 0.11 ))-40. In both equations, E equals the rate of emission in pounds per hour and P equals the process weight rate in tons per hour.
b.
Limitations established by subsection (2)a. of this regulation shall not require the reduction of particulate matter concentration, based on the source gas volume, below the concentration specified in Table II following for that volume; provided that, for the purpose of this subsection (2)b., the person responsible for the emission may elect to substitute a volume determined according to the provisions of subsection (2)c. of this regulation; and provided further that the burden of showing the source gas volume or other volume substituted, including all the factors which determine the volume and the methods of determining and computing the volume, shall be on the person seeking to come within the provisions of this subsection.
TABLE II
Source Gas Volume Standard Cubic Food Per Minute Concentration Grain Per Standard Cubic Foot 7,000 or less 0.100 8,000 0.096 9,000 0.092 10,000 0.089 20,000 0.071 30,000 0.062 40,000 0.057 50,000 0.053 60,000 0.050 80,000 0.045 100,000 0.042 120,000 0.040 140,000 0.038 160,000 0.036 180,000 0.035 200,000 0.034 300,000 0.030 400,000 0.027 500,000 0.025 600,000 0.024 800,000 0.021 1,000,000 or more 0.020 c.
Any volume of gases passing through and leaving an air pollution abatement operation may be substituted for the source gas volume of the source operation served by air pollution abatement operation, for the purposes of subsection (2)b. of this regulation provided the air pollution abatement operation emits no more than 40 percent of the weight of particulate matter entering and provided further that the substituted volume shall be corrected to standard conditions and to a moisture content no greater than that of any gas stream entering the air pollution abatement operation.
d.
Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, no person may cause, allow or permit the emission of particulate matter from any source in a concentration in excess of 0.30 grain per standard cubic foot of exhaust gas.
(3)
Exceptions.
a.
The provisions of subsections (2)a. through d. shall not apply to existing grey iron jobbing cupolas. For purposes of this regulation, a jobbing cupola is defined as a cupola which has a single melting cycle operated no more than ten hours in any consecutive 24 hours and no more than 50 hours in any consecutive seven days.
1.
All existing grey iron jobbing cupolas shall be equipped with gas cleaning devices and so operated as to remove not less than 85 percent by weight of all the particulate matter in the cupola discharge gases or release not more than 0.4 grain of particulate matter per standard cubic foot of discharge gas, whichever is more stringent.
2.
All gases, vapors and gas entrained effluents from the cupolas shall be incinerated at a temperature not less than 1200 degrees Fahrenheit for a period of not less than 0.3 seconds.
b.
The provisions of subsections (2)a. through d. shall not apply to the drying process in existing corn wet milling operations. All existing corn wet milling drying processes shall be equipped with gas cleaning devices and so operated as to remove not less than 99½ percent by weight of all particulate matter in the dryer discharge gases.
c.
The provisions of section (a)(2) shall not apply to a process during periods when a new fire is being built, during the start-up of the operation, during an operational breakdown or while air pollution control equipment is being cleaned or repaired.
d.
This subsection shall not apply to the emissions from the grinding, crushing and classifying operations at a rock quarry; or the receiving and shipping of whole grain from or into a railroad or truck transportation source at a grain elevator.
(b)
Fuel burning equipment used for indirect heating:
(1)
General provisions:
a.
This subsection applies to installations which have indirect heating sources.
b.
The heat content of solid fuels shall be determined as specified in 10 CSR 106.040(2). The heat content of liquid hydrocarbon fuels shall be determined as specified in 10 CSR 10-6.040(3).
c.
The heat input used for each indirect heating source shall be the equipment manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed maximum input in millions of British Thermal Units (BTU) per hour, whichever is greater.
d.
The amount of particulate matter emitted shall be determined as specified in 10 CSR 10-6.030(5).
e.
For the purpose of this subsection only, the following terms shall have the meaning ascribed below:
1.
Existing means any source which was in being, installed or under construction on February 15, 1979, except that if any source is subsequently altered, repaired or rebuilt at a cost of thirty percent or more of its replacement cost, exclusive of routine maintenance, it shall no longer be existing, but shall be considered as new.
2.
New means any source which is not an existing source, as defined in paragraph (e)(1).
f.
This subsection shall not apply to indirect heating sources subject to the provisions of 10 CSR 10-6.070.
g.
Indirect heating sources requiring permits under 10 CSR 10-6.060 that in turn may require particular air pollution control measures to meet more stringent emission limitations than in this subsection shall meet the requirements of 10 CSR 10-6.060, Permits Required.
(2)
Maximum allowable particulate emission rate from existing indirect heating sources.
a.
Determination. The total heat input of all existing indirect heating sources within an installation shall be used to determine the maximum allowable particulate emission rate, which is to be applied to each existing indirect heating source within the installation. After that, each indirect heating source within the installation shall be tested and considered independently for compliance with this section.
b.
Emission limitations.
1.
The maximum allowable particulate emission rate for an installation of existing indirect heating sources with a heat input rate of less than ten million Btu per hour shall be 0.60 pound per million Btu of heat input.
2.
The maximum allowable particulate emission rate for an installation of existing indirect heating sources with a heat input rate equal to or greater than ten million Btu per hour and less than or equal to five thousand million Btu per hour shall be determined by the following equation:
E = 1.09 (Q) -0.259
where:
E = the maximum allowable particulate emission rate in pounds per million Btu of heat input, rounded off to two decimal places; and
Q = the installation heat input in millions of Btu per hour.
3.
The maximum allowable particulate emission rate for an installation of existing indirect heating sources with a heat input rate greater than 5,000,000,000 Btu per hour shall be 0.12 pounds per million of BTus heat input.
(3)
Maximum allowable particulate emission rate from new indirect heating sources.
a.
Determination. The total heat input of all new and existing indirect heating sources within an installation shall be used to determine the maximum allowable particulate emission rate which is to be applied to each new indirect heating source within the installation. The maximum allowable particulate emission rate from the existing indirect heating sources within such an installation shall be determined as specified by section (b)(2). After that, each new indirect heating source within the installation shall be tested and considered independently for compliance with this section.
b.
Emission limitations.
1.
The maximum allowable particulate emission rate for new sources in an installation of indirect heating sources with a heat input rate of less than 10,000,000 Btu per hour shall be 0.40 pounds per million Btu of heat input.
2.
The maximum allowable particulate emission rate for new sources in an installation of indirect heating sources with a heat input rate equal to or greater than 10,000,000 Btu per hour and less than or equal to 1,000,000,000 Btu per hour shall be determined by the following equation:
E = 0.80(Q -0.301 )
where:
E = the maximum allowable particulate emission rate in pounds per million Btu of heat input, rounded off to two decimal places; and
Q = the installation heat input in millions of Btu per hour.
3.
The maximum allowable particulate emission rate for new sources in an installation of indirect heating sources with a heat input rate greater than 1,000,000,000 Btu per hour shall be 0.10 pounds per million Btu of heat input.
(4)
[Compliance.] Compliance with this section shall be accomplished by any installation as expeditiously as practicable, but in no case shall final compliance extend beyond three years (March 25, 1983) from the effective date of this section (March 25, 1980). In the interim, each installation shall meet the allowable particulate emission rate applicable to that installation on October 25, 1978.
(5)
Alternate method of compliance.
a.
Compliance with this section may also be demonstrated if the weighted average emission rate of two or more indirect heating sources is less than or equal to the maximum allowable particulate emission rate determined in section (b)(2) or section (b)(3). The weighted average emission rate for the indirect heating sources to be averaged shall be calculated by the following formula:
n [ (ER;sub \sub; × Q;sub \sub;) ER = i = 1/m/m/m/m/m/m / <?xpp sz 10q?>
n [ Q;sub \sub; i = 1 Where:
ER = The weighted average emission rate in pounds per million Btu. ER;sub \sub; = The actual emission rate of the i th indirect heating source in pounds per million Btu. Q;sub \sub; = The rated heat input of the i th indirect heating source in millions of Btu's per hour. n = The number of indirect heating sources in the average. b.
Installations demonstrating compliance with this article in accordance with the requirements of section (b)(5) shall do so by making written application to the director. Such application shall include the calculations performed in paragraph (b)(5)(a) and all necessary information relative to making this demonstration. After written approval by the director, the emission rates used in the calculations of paragraph (b)(5)a. shall become the maximum allowable particulate emission rates for each specified indirect heating source under this section.
c.
Subsection (b)(5) of this section shall only apply:
1.
To indirect heating sources while burning coal; and
2.
If the maximum allowable particulate emission rate determined in subsection (b)(5)b. of this section for each indirect heating source does not exceed the maximum allowable particulate emission rate determined for that source from section (b)(2) and section (b)(3) of this section using the rated heat input, Q;sub ..... sub;, for that individual indirect heating source as if that individual indirect heating source was the only such source at the installation.
(c)
Incinerators.
(1)
General provisions applying to all incinerators.
a.
Design requirements. No incinerator shall be used for the burning of refuse unless such incinerator is a multiple chamber incinerator. Existing incinerators which are not multiple-chamber incinerators may be altered, modified or rebuilt as may be necessary to meet the requirements of this section. The director may approve any other alteration or modification to an existing incinerator if such be found by the director to be equally effective for the purpose of air pollution control as would result from the operation of a multiple-chamber incinerator. All new incinerators shall be multiple-chamber incinerators, provided that the director may approve any other kind of incinerator if they find in advance of construction or installation that such other kind of incinerator is equally effective for purposes of air pollution control as an approved multiple-chamber incinerator.
b.
Test schedule. Within 30 days after the date on which installation or construction of an incinerator is completed, the installer shall file a request with the director to schedule the performance tests provided in this subsection (c). If the results of the performance tests indicate that the incinerator is not operating in compliance with subsection (c)(2), no person may cause or permit further operation of the incinerator, except for additional tests as outlined in this subsection (c) until approval is received from the director.
c.
Capacity. The burning capacity of an incinerator shall be the manufacturer's or designer's guaranteed maximum rate or such other rate as may be determined by the director in accordance with good engineering practice. In case of conflict, the findings of the director shall govern.
(2)
Restriction of emissions from incinerators.
a.
Particulate and opacity limitations. No person shall cause or permit the emission of particulate matter from the chimney, stack or vent of any incinerator.
1.
In excess of one tenth grain of particulate matter per standard dry cubic foot of exhaust gas, corrected to seven percent oxygen.
2.
Of such opacity as to obscure an observer's view to a degree equal to or greater than ten percent.
b.
An owner or operator who submits a complete permit application for an incinerator after the effective date of this regulation shall demonstrate that emissions of hydrogen chloride, mercury, dioxans, and furans are controlled to a level of stringency at least equal to that which would be achieved through the application of Best Available Control Technology as defined in section 8-2.
c.
Odor control. All incinerators shall be designed and operated so that all gases, vapors and entrained effluents shall, while passing through the final combustion chamber, be maintained at a temperature adequate to prevent the emission of objectionable odors. Provided however, that the director may approve any other method of odor control which he determines is equally effective.
(3)
Performance testing.
a.
Representative sample. Refuse burned in conjunction with the performance tests specified in this subsection shall be a representative sample of the refuse normally generated by the operation which the incinerator is intended to serve.
b.
Procedure. Emissions shall be measured when the incinerator is operating at the burning capacity as defined in subsection (c)(1)c. or at any greater operating rate requested by the operator. Testing methods shall be those outlined in 10 CSR 10-6 or 40 CFR, part 60 Appendix A.
c.
Compliance. A performance test to determine compliance with the opacity requirements specified in subsection (c)(2)a.2. shall be performed by the director on each new incinerator and each existing modified or rebuilt incinerator.
d.
When required. The performance test specified in subsection (c)(3)b. may be required on any incinerator, and shall be required for each new incinerator. The initial performance test shall be performed at the expense of the vendor or operator by an independent testing organization or by any other qualified person subject to approval of the director. The performance test may be observed by the director.
(d)
Visible air contaminants.
(1)
Emission limitations. No person may discharge into the ambient air from any single source of emission whatsoever any air contaminant of such opacity as to obscure an observer's view to a degree equal to or greater than 20 percent.
(2)
Exceptions.
a.
Time allowance. A person may discharge into the ambient air from any single source of emission for a period or periods aggregating not more than six minutes in any 60 minutes air contaminants of such opacity as to obscure an observer's view to a degree not equal to nor greater than 60 percent. For the purposes of this subsection, the director may approve any other schedule for a specific source and for specific conditions.
b.
Presence of uncombined water. Where the presence of uncombined water is the only reason for failure of an emission to meet the requirements of this subsection (d), its restrictions shall not apply.
c.
Miscellaneous exceptions. This subsection(e) shall not apply to the following:
1.
Fire training with approval by the director.
2.
Wood-burning stoves or fireplaces in dwellings.
3.
Fires used for recreational purposes or fires used for the noncommercial preparation of food by barbecuing.
4.
Smoke generators used for training air pollution control inspectors.
5.
Incinerators.
(3)
Continuous monitoring of opacity.
a.
The installation of opacity monitoring devices shall be required on the following sources:
1.
KCP&L Hawthorn station, stack No. 1, serving units 1 and 2;
2.
KCP&L Hawthorn station, stack No. 3, serving unit 5;
3.
Trigen Energy Corporation station, stack No. 2, serving units 6, 7 and 8.
b.
Equipment specifications, data requirements, and operating modes shall comply with 10 CSR 10-2.060(3)(C), (D), (E) and (F).
(e)
Preventing fugitive particulate matter from becoming airborne:
(1)
No person may cause or permit the handling, transporting or storage of any material in a manner which may unreasonably allow fugitive particulate matter to become airborne in such quantities and concentrations that it remains visible in the ambient air beyond where it originates or that its presence may be found beyond the premises where it originates, or that the size of the fugitive particulate matter found beyond the premises where it originates exceeds 40 microns. The size of the particulate matter shall be determined by microscopy or other technique as approved by the director.
(2)
No person may cause or permit a building or its appurtenances, a road, a driveway, or an open area to be constructed, used, repaired or demolished without applying all such reasonable measures as may be required to prevent fugitive particulate matter from becoming airborne so that it remains visible beyond the premises where it originates or that its presence may be found beyond the premises where it originates. The director may require such reasonable measures as may be necessary to prevent fugitive particulate matter from becoming airborne, including but not limited to paving or frequent cleaning of roads, driveways and parking lots; application of dustfree surfaces; application of water and the planting and maintenance of vegetative ground cover.
(3)
This subsection (e) shall not apply to farming operations.
(f)
Internal combustion engines.
(1)
Emission limitation. No person shall cause or permit the emissions of visible air contaminants from any internal-combustion engine for more than five consecutive seconds at any one time.
(2)
Exception. Where the presence of uncombined water is the only reason for failure of an emission to meet the requirements of this subsection (f), the provisions of this subsection shall not apply.
(Code of Gen. Ords. 1967, § 18.86; No. 34696, 4-26-68; Ord. No. 36539, 4-3-69; Ord. No. 41255, 6-9-72; Ord. No. 56726, 8-2-84; Ord. No. 960782, § A, 8-8-96)